自动配置原理
SpringBoot 特点
依赖管理
父项目做依赖管理
<!--依赖管理-->
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.6.7</version>
</parent>
<!--它的父项目-->
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>2.6.7</version>
</parent>
<!--在这个项目中几乎声明了所有开发常用的依赖的版本号,自动版本仲裁机制-->
<!--<properties> //可以使用默认的方式重写想要依赖的版本号
<xxxx.version>x.xx.x</xxxx.version>
</properties>-->
自动版本仲裁,引入依赖默认都可以不写版本,引入非仲裁的 jar, 要写版本号。
开发导入 starter 场景启动器
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
spring-boot-starter-*:*表示某种场景- 只要引入了 starter, 这个场景需要的所有常规依赖都会自动引入
- SpringBoot 所有的 场景
- 三方的简化开发的场景启动器
*-spring-boot-starter - 所有场景启动器最底层的依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>2.6.7</version>
<scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
自动配置
自动配置好 Tomcat
- 引入 Tomcat 依赖
- 配置 Tomcat
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId> <version>2.6.7</version> <scope>compile</scope> </dependency>自动配置好 SpringMVC
- 引入 SpringMVC 全套组件
- 自动配好 SpringMVC 常用组件(功能)
自动配好 Web 常见功能,如字符编码问题
- SpringBoot 帮我们配置好了所有 web 开发的常见场景
默认的包结构
- 主程序所在包及其下面的所有子包里面的组件都会被默认扫描进来
- 无需以前的包扫描配置
- 改变扫描路径
@SpringBootApplication(scanBasePackages="com.spring") //or @SpringBootConfiguration @EnableAutoConfiguration @ComponentScan("com.spring") //指定扫描路径各种配置拥有默认值
默认配置最终都是映射到某个类上,如:MultipartProperties
配置文件的值最终会绑定每个类上,这个类会在容器中创建对象
按需加载所有自动配置项
非常多的 starter
引入了哪些场景这个场景的自动配置才会开启
SpringBoot 所有的自动配置功能都在 spring-boot-autoconfigure 包里面
......
容器功能
组件添加
@Configuration
- 基本使用
- Full 模式与 Lite 模式
- 示例
- 最佳实战
- 配置 类组件之间无依赖关系用 Lite 模式加速容器启动过程,减少判断
- 配置类组件之间有依赖关系,方法会被调用得到之前单实例组件,用 Full 模式
#############################Configuration 使用示例######################################################
/**
* 1、配置类里面使用@Bean 标注在方法上给容器注册组件,默认也是单实例的
* 2、配置类本身也是组件
* 3、proxyBeanMethods:代理 bean 的方法
* Full(proxyBeanMethods = true)、〖保证每个@Bean 方法被调用多少次返回的组件都是单实例的〗
* Lite(proxyBeanMethods = false)〖每个@Bean 方法被调用多少次返回的组件都是新创建的〗
* 组件依赖必须使用 Full 模式默认。其他默认是否 Lite 模式
*
*
*
*/
@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false) //告诉 SpringBoot 这是一个配置类 == 配置文件
public class MyConfig {
/**
* Full:外部无论对配置类中的这个组件注册方法调用多少次获取的都是之前注册容器中的单实例对象
* @return
*/
@Bean //给容器中添加组件。以方法名作为组件的 id。返回类型就是组件类型。返回的值,就是组件在容器中的实例
public User user01(){
User zhangsan = new User("zhangsan", 18);
//user 组件依赖了 Pet 组件
zhangsan.setPet(tomcatPet());
return zhangsan;
}
@Bean("tom")
public Pet tomcatPet(){
return new Pet("tomcat");
}
}
################################@Configuration 测试代码如下########################################
@SpringBootConfiguration
@EnableAutoConfiguration
@ComponentScan("com.atguigu.boot")
public class MainApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//1、返回我们 IOC 容器
ConfigurableApplicationContext run = SpringApplication.run(MainApplication.class, args);
//2、查看容器里面的组件
String[] names = run.getBeanDefinitionNames();
for (String name : names) {
System.out.println(name);
}
//3、从容器中获取组件
Pet tom01 = run.getBean("tom", Pet.class);
Pet tom02 = run.getBean("tom", Pet.class);
System.out.println("组件:"+(tom01 == tom02));
//4、com.atguigu.boot.config.MyConfig$$EnhancerBySpringCGLIB$$51f1e1ca@1654a892
MyConfig bean = run.getBean(MyConfig.class);
System.out.println(bean);
//如果@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = true)代理对象调用方法。SpringBoot 总会检查这个组件是否在容器中有。
//保持组件单实例
User user = bean.user01();
User user1 = bean.user01();
System.out.println(user == user1);
User user01 = run.getBean("user01", User.class);
Pet tom = run.getBean("tom", Pet.class);
System.out.println("用户的宠物:"+(user01.getPet() == tom));
}
}
TIP
当然配置类也是 bean,也在 IOC 容器中
@Bean、@Component、@Controller、@Service、@Repository
更多内容在 Spring
@ComponentScan、@Import
/*
* @Import({User.class, DBHelper.class})
* 给容器中自动创建出这两个类型的组件、默认组件的名字就是全类名
*
*
*
*/
@Import({User.class, DBHelper.class})
@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false) //告诉 SpringBoot 这是一个配置类 == 配置文件
public class MyConfig {
}
@Conditional
条件装配:满足 Conditional 指定的条件,则进行组件注入

=====================测试条件装配==========================
@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false) //告诉 SpringBoot 这是一个配置类 == 配置文件
//@ConditionalOnBean(name = "tom")
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(name = "tom")
public class MyConfig {
/**
* Full:外部无论对配置类中的这个组件注册方法调用多少次获取的都是之前注册容器中的单实例对象
* @return
*/
@Bean //给容器中添加组件。以方法名作为组件的 id。返回类型就是组件类型。返回的值,就是组件在容器中的实例
public User user01(){
User zhangsan = new User("zhangsan", 18);
//user 组件依赖了 Pet 组件
zhangsan.setPet(tomcatPet());
return zhangsan;
}
@Bean("tom22")
public Pet tomcatPet(){
return new Pet("tomcat");
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
//1、返回我们 IOC 容器
ConfigurableApplicationContext run = SpringApplication.run(MainApplication.class, args);
//2、查看容器里面的组件
String[] names = run.getBeanDefinitionNames();
for (String name : names) {
System.out.println(name);
}
boolean tom = run.containsBean("tom");
System.out.println("容器中 Tom 组件:"+tom);
boolean user01 = run.containsBean("user01");
System.out.println("容器中 user01 组件:"+user01);
boolean tom22 = run.containsBean("tom22");
System.out.println("容器中 tom22 组件:"+tom22);
}
WARNING
注意添加 bean 的顺序,若使用了@ConditionalOnBean(name = "tom") ,而 tom 组件还没声明,同样会触发 Condition
原生组件的导入
@ImportResource
======================beans.xml=========================
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<bean id="haha" class="com.atguigu.boot.bean.User">
<property name="name" value="zhangsan"></property>
<property name="age" value="18"></property>
</bean>
<bean id="hehe" class="com.atguigu.boot.bean.Pet">
<property name="name" value="tomcat"></property>
</bean>
</beans>
@ImportResource("classpath:beans.xml")
public class MyConfig {}
======================测试=================
public static void main(String[] args) {
//...
boolean haha = run.containsBean("haha");
boolean hehe = run.containsBean("hehe");
System.out.println("haha:"+haha);//true
System.out.println("hehe:"+hehe);//true
}
配置绑定
如何使用 Java 读取到 properties 文件中的内容,并且把它封装到 JavaBean 中,以供随时使用;
public class getProperties {
public static void main(String[] args) throws FileNotFoundException, IOException {
Properties pps = new Properties();
pps.load(new FileInputStream("a.properties"));
Enumeration enum1 = pps.propertyNames();//得到配置文件的名字
while(enum1.hasMoreElements()) {
String strKey = (String) enum1.nextElement();
String strValue = pps.getProperty(strKey);
System.out.println(strKey + "=" + strValue);
//封装到 JavaBean。
}
}
}
@Component + @ConfigurationProperties
/**
* 只有在容器中的组件,才会拥有 SpringBoot 提供的强大功能
*/
@Component
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "mycar")
public class Car {
private String brand;
private Integer price;
public String getBrand() {
return brand;
}
public void setBrand(String brand) {
this.brand = brand;
}
public Integer getPrice() {
return price;
}
public void setPrice(Integer price) {
this.price = price;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Car{" +
"brand='" + brand + '\'' +
", price=" + price +
'}';
}
}
//---------------------------------
@Autowired
Car car;
@GetMapping("/car")
public Car Acar(){
return car;
}
mycar.brand=BYD
mycar.price=100000
@EnableConfigurationProperties + @ConfigurationProperties
@EnableConfigurationProperties(Car.class)
//1、开启 Car 配置绑定功能
//2、把这个 Car 这个组件自动注册到容器中
public class MyConfig {
}
//---------------------------------
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "mycar")
public class Car {
//...
}
//---------------------------------
@Autowired
Car car;
@GetMapping("/car")
public Car Acar(){
return car;
}
自动配置原理入门
引导加载自动配置类
@SpringBootApplication
public class MainApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ConfigurableApplicationContext run = SpringApplication.run(MainApplication.class, args);
}
@SpringBootApplication标签含有三个主要标签:
@SpringBootConfiguration@EnableAutoConfiguration@ComponentScan

@SpringBootConfiguration
主要标签:@Configuration
说明该类是一个配置类

@ComponentScan
指定扫描哪些包,Spring 注解
@EnableAutoConfiguration

@AutoConfigurationPackage
自动配置包,指定了默认的包规则
@Import(AutoConfigurationPackages.Registrar.class) //给容器中导入一个组件
public @interface AutoConfigurationPackage {}
//利用 Registrar 给容器中导入一系列组件
//将指定的一个包下的所有组件导入进来?MainApplication 所在包下。
@Import({AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class})
- 利用
getAutoConfigurationEntry(annotationMetadata);给容器中批量导入一些组件 - 调用
List<String> configurations = getCandidateConfigurations(annotationMetadata, attributes)获取到所有需要导入到容器中的配置类 - 利用工厂加载
Map<String, List<String>> loadSpringFactories(@Nullable ClassLoader classLoader)得到所有的组件(SpringFactoriesLoader里) - 从
META-INF/spring.factories位置来加载一个文件。
默认扫描我们当前系统里面所有 META-INF/spring.factories 位置的文件 spring-boot-autoconfigure-2.3.4.RELEASE.jar 包里面也有 META-INF/spring.factories

<!-- 文件里面写死了 spring-boot 一启动就要给容器中加载的所有配置类 -->
spring-boot-autoconfigure-2.7.1.RELEASE.jar/META-INF/spring.factories
# Auto Configure
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration=\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.admin.SpringApplicationAdminJmxAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.aop.AopAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.amqp.RabbitAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.batch.BatchAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cache.CacheAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cassandra.CassandraAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.ConfigurationPropertiesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.LifecycleAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.MessageSourceAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.PropertyPlaceholderAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.couchbase.CouchbaseAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.dao.PersistenceExceptionTranslationAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.cassandra.CassandraDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.cassandra.CassandraReactiveDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.cassandra.CassandraReactiveRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.cassandra.CassandraRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.couchbase.CouchbaseDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.couchbase.CouchbaseReactiveDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.couchbase.CouchbaseReactiveRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.couchbase.CouchbaseRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ReactiveElasticsearchRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ReactiveElasticsearchRestClientAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.jdbc.JdbcRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.jpa.JpaRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.ldap.LdapRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoReactiveDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoReactiveRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.neo4j.Neo4jDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.neo4j.Neo4jRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.solr.SolrRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.r2dbc.R2dbcDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.r2dbc.R2dbcRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.r2dbc.R2dbcTransactionManagerAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis.RedisAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis.RedisReactiveAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis.RedisRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.rest.RepositoryRestMvcAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.web.SpringDataWebAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchRestClientAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.flyway.FlywayAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.freemarker.FreeMarkerAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.groovy.template.GroovyTemplateAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.gson.GsonAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.h2.H2ConsoleAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.hateoas.HypermediaAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.hazelcast.HazelcastAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.hazelcast.HazelcastJpaDependencyAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.http.HttpMessageConvertersAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.http.codec.CodecsAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.influx.InfluxDbAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.info.ProjectInfoAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.integration.IntegrationAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jackson.JacksonAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.JdbcTemplateAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.JndiDataSourceAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.XADataSourceAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceTransactionManagerAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.JmsAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jmx.JmxAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.JndiConnectionFactoryAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.activemq.ActiveMQAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.artemis.ArtemisAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jersey.JerseyAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jooq.JooqAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jsonb.JsonbAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.kafka.KafkaAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.availability.ApplicationAvailabilityAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.ldap.embedded.EmbeddedLdapAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.ldap.LdapAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.liquibase.LiquibaseAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mail.MailSenderAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mail.MailSenderValidatorAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mongo.embedded.EmbeddedMongoAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mongo.MongoAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mongo.MongoReactiveAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mustache.MustacheAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.quartz.QuartzAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.r2dbc.R2dbcAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.rsocket.RSocketMessagingAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.rsocket.RSocketRequesterAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.rsocket.RSocketServerAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.rsocket.RSocketStrategiesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.servlet.SecurityAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.servlet.UserDetailsServiceAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.servlet.SecurityFilterAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.reactive.ReactiveSecurityAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.reactive.ReactiveUserDetailsServiceAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.rsocket.RSocketSecurityAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.saml2.Saml2RelyingPartyAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.sendgrid.SendGridAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.session.SessionAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.oauth2.client.servlet.OAuth2ClientAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.oauth2.client.reactive.ReactiveOAuth2ClientAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.oauth2.resource.servlet.OAuth2ResourceServerAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.oauth2.resource.reactive.ReactiveOAuth2ResourceServerAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.solr.SolrAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.task.TaskExecutionAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.task.TaskSchedulingAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.thymeleaf.ThymeleafAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.transaction.TransactionAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.transaction.jta.JtaAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.validation.ValidationAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.client.RestTemplateAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.embedded.EmbeddedWebServerFactoryCustomizerAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.HttpHandlerAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.ReactiveWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.WebFluxAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.error.ErrorWebFluxAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.function.client.ClientHttpConnectorAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.function.client.WebClientAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.ServletWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.error.ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.MultipartAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.WebMvcAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.websocket.reactive.WebSocketReactiveAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.websocket.servlet.WebSocketServletAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.websocket.servlet.WebSocketMessagingAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.webservices.WebServicesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.webservices.client.WebServiceTemplateAutoConfiguration
按需开启自动配置项
- 虽然 127 个场景的所有自动配置启动的时候默认全部加载。
xxxxAutoConfiguration,按照条件装配规则(@Conditional),最终会按需配置。
修改默认配置
@Bean
@ConditionalOnBean(MultipartResolver.class) //容器中有这个类型组件
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(name = DispatcherServlet.MULTIPART_RESOLVER_BEAN_NAME) //容器中没有这个名字 multipartResolver 的组件
public MultipartResolver multipartResolver(MultipartResolver resolver) {
//给@Bean 标注的方法传入了对象参数,这个参数的值就会从容器中找。
//SpringMVC multipartResolver。防止有些用户配置的文件上传解析器不符合规范
// Detect if the user has created a MultipartResolver but named it incorrectly
return resolver;
}
<!-- 结果是给容器中加入了文件上传解析器; -->
@Bean
@ConditionalOnMissingBean
public CharacterEncodingFilter characterEncodingFilter() {
}
TIP
SpringBoot 默认会在底层配好所有的组件。但是如果用户自己配置了以用户的优先
总结:
- SpringBoot 先加载所有的自动配置类
xxxxxAutoConfiguration - 每个自动配置类按照条件进行生效,默认都会绑定配置文件指定的值。
xxxxProperties里面拿。xxxProperties和配置文件进行了绑定 - 生效的配置类就会给容器中装配很多组件
- 只要容器中有这些组件,相当于这些功能就有了
- 定制化配置
- 用户直接自己
@Bean替换底层的组件 - 用户去看这个组件是获取的配置文件什么值就去修改。
xxxxxAutoConfiguration---> 组件 --->xxxxProperties里面拿值 ---->application.properties
- 用户直接自己
最佳实践
引入场景依赖
查看自动配置了哪些(选做)
- 自己分析,引入场景对应的自动配置一般都生效了
- 配置文件中
debug=true开启自动配置报告。Negative(不生效)\Positive(生效)
是否需要修改
- 参照修改文档配置项
- 自己分析。
xxxxProperties绑定了配置文件的哪些。
自定义加入或者替换组件
@Bean、@Component······
自定义器 XXXXXCustomizer
......
开发技巧
Lombok
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
</dependency>
===============================简化 JavaBean 开发===================================
@NoArgsConstructor
//@AllArgsConstructor
@Data
@ToString
@EqualsAndHashCode
public class User {
private String name;
private Integer age;
private Pet pet;
public User(String name,Integer age){
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
}
================================简化日志开发===================================
@Slf4j
@RestController
public class HelloController {
@RequestMapping("/hello")
public String handle01(@RequestParam("name") String name){
log.info("请求进来了....");
return "Hello, Spring Boot 2!"+"你好:"+name;
}
}
dev-tools
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
项目或者页面修改以后:Ctrl+F9
Spring Initailizr(项目初始化向导)
- 选择我们需要的开发场景
- 自动依赖引入
- 自动创建项目结构
- 自动编写好主配置类